DNA technologies

DNA techniques can be used for the determination of the base sequence of microorganisms. The DNA base sequence determines the base sequence of the mRNA (in the case of transcription) and the sequence of the amino acids of a protein (in the case of translation). These proteins are classified by biological function, such as enzymes, which are responsible for catalyzing the thousands of chemical reactions of the living cell; keratin, elastin, and collagen, which are important types of structural, or support, proteins; hemoglobin and other gas transport proteins; ovalbumin, casein, and other nutrient molecules; antibodies, which are molecules of the immune system; protein hormones, which regulate metabolism; and proteins that perform mechanical work, such as actin and myosin, the contractile muscle proteins. The structural proteins determine the micromorphological properties of microorganisms, the enzyme proteins play important role in the metabolic pathways. This way we can study the genetic background of the properties that has been examined by a microscope, and we can find correlation between biochemical tests and the metabolic patterns determined by the genom.