Sodium carbonate

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION

Chemical name                 

Sodium carbonate [1]

Synonyms                           

Soda ash, Calcined soda, Carbonic acid disodium salt, Sodium carbonate, anhydrous, Washing soda, etc. [2]

IUPAC name

disodium carbonate [1]

CAS No

497-19-8

REACH registration number

EC No

Molecular formula              

CNa₂O₃ [1]

Substance group/chemical family

Mono constituent substance/ Inorganic [1]

Appearance

Physical state

Odour

Form

Colour

Solid (100%) at 20°C and 1013 hPa [1]

Odourless (50%), Other (50% [1]

Powder (100%) [1] or lumps [2]

Greyish-white [2]

USES AND HANDLING ISSUES

Relevant identified uses

This substance is used in the following areas: mining. This substance is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement). This substance is used in the following activities or processes at workplace: transfer of chemicals, closed, continuous processes with occasional controlled exposure, closed processes with no likelihood of exposure, closed batch processing in synthesis or formulation, batch processing in synthesis or formulation with opportunity for exposure, potentially closed industrial processing with minerals/metals at elevated temperature (e.g. smelters, furnaces, refineries, coke ovens) and transfer of substance into small containers. [1]

Handling considerations

Prevention statements

When handling this substance: wash parts of the body (as specified by manufacturer/supplier)in contact with substance thoroughly after handling; wear protective gloves and/or clothing, and eye and/or face protection as specified by manufacturer/supplier.

Response statements

In case of incident: If in eyes: rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do – continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists get medical advice/attention. [1]

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Molecular weight                                  

105.988 g/mol

Bulk density/Specific gravity

2.52 - 2.532 g/cm³ [1]

pH

 Aqueous solutions are strongly alkaline [2]

Particle size

EC

Melting/Freezing point

851 °C at 101 325 Pa

Boiling point

Flash point

Flammability

Vapour density

Vapour pressure

Solubility in water

Solubility in organic solvents

 Insoluble in ethanol, insoluble in acetone [2]

Solubility in inorganic solvents

Hydrolysis

Ionicity in water

Surface tension

Dispersion properties

Explosiveness

Other properties

Stability and reactivity

Chemical stability

Hygroscopic. Stable under recommended storage conditions. [2]

Reactivity hazards

Corrosivity

Polimerization

Incompatibility with various substances

 _{acids, acid salts cause its decomposition [2]}

Special remarks on reactivity

Physical, chemical and biological coefficient

Koc

Kow

pKa

log Kp

Henry-constant

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BEHAVIOUR

Artificial pollution sources

Sodium carbonate's production and use in manufacture of sodium salts, glass, soap; for washing wool; textiles; in bleaching linen, cotton; general cleanser; in water-softening; in photography; as reagent in analytical chemistry for pH adjustment; buffer; standard for acid-base titrimetry. Pharmaceutic aid (alkalinizer) will result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as a fungicide for use as hard surface disinfectants and sanitizers in institutional and residential settings and use in hydraulic fracking will result in its direct release to the environment [2]

General terrestrial fate

General aquatic fate

General atmospheric fate

General persistence and degradability

Abiotic degradation and metabolites

Biodegradation and metabolites

Bioconcentration

Volatilization

Photolysis

Hydrolysis

Soil adsorption and mobility

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS

Measured data

ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

General adverse effects on ecosystem

Acute toxicity (LC50, EC50)

Aquatic systems

LC50: 300 mg/L (freshwater fish, 4 days) [1]

EC50/LC50 (48 h): 200 mg/L (freshwater invertebrates) [1]

Terrestrial systems

Chronic toxicity (NOEC, LOEC)

Aquatic systems

Terrestrial systems

HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS and PROTECTION

Routes of human exposures

oral, skin, respiratory, eye exposure

General effects

irritating

Endocrine disruption

Mutagenicity

Carcinogenicity

Reprotoxicity

Teratogenicity

Skin, eye and respiratory irritations

Skin: No adverse effect observed (not irritating); Skin sensitisation: No adverse effect observed (not sensitising); Eye: Adverse effect observed (irritating); Respiratory: No study available [1]

Metabolism:

absorption, distribution & excretion

No bioaccumulation potential [1]

Exposure limits

DNEL: 10 mg/m³ (workers, inhalation, long term, local effects, irritation (respiratory tract) [1]

DNEL: 10 mg/m³ (general population, inhalation, acute/short term, local effects, irritation (respiratory tract) [1]

Workers & general population, dermal, acute/short term, local effects, repeated dose toxicity: Low hazard (no threshold derived) [1]

Workers & general population, eye exposure: Medium hazard (no threshold derived)  [1]

Drinking water MAC

Other information

Animal toxicity data

Acute toxicity (LD50)

LD50 2 800 mg/kg bw  (oral route , rat), No adverse effect observed  [1]

LC50 2 300 mg/m³(inhalation, rat), No adverse effect observed [1]

L50: 2 000 mg/kg bw (dermal, rabbit), No adverse effect observed [1]

Chronic toxicity (NOEL, LOEL)

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

Warning! According to the harmonised classification and labelling (CLP00) approved by the European Union, this substance causes serious eye irritation. [1]

According to REACH registrations and CLP notifications:

H319: Causes serious eye irritation.

EINECS regulation

̵listed on EINECS (European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances) List

OSHA regulations etc.

OTHER INFORMATION, SPECIAL REMARKS

Classification and proposed labelling with regard to toxicological data

CREATED, LAST UPDATE

Created

2019. 12. 05

Last update

2019. 12. 05

REFERENCES

[1] ECHA, Sodium carbonate, https://echa.europa.eu/hu/brief-profile/-/briefprofile/100.007.127, Accessed 2019. 12. 05

[2] Pubchem, Sodium carbonate (compound) https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10340#section=Ecotoxicity-Values, Accessed 2019. 12. 05