Sodium chloride

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION

Chemical name                 

Sodium chloride[1]

Synonyms                           

Halite, Table salt [1,2]

IUPAC name

sodium chloride [1]

CAS No

7647-14-5

REACH registration number

EC No

Molecular formula              

ClNa [1]

Substance group/chemical family

Mono constituent substance/ Inorganic [1]

Appearance

Physical state

Odour

Form

Colour

Solid (100%) at 20°C and 1013 hPa

Crystalline (100%)

Colorless and transparent or translucent when in large crystals

 white

USES AND HANDLING ISSUES

Relevant identified uses

This substance is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, inks and toners, leather treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, paper chemicals and dyes, water treatment chemicals, metal surface treatment products, coating products and non-metal-surface treatment products.

This substance is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, health services and scientific research and development. This substance is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, pulp, paper and paper products, chemicals, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.

This substance is used in the following activities or processes at workplace: transfer of chemicals, transfer of substance into small containers, closed batch processing in synthesis or formulation, mixing in open batch processes, treatment of articles by dipping and pouring, closed, continuous processes with occasional controlled exposure, industrial spraying, roller or brushing applications and calendering operations. [1]

Handling considerations

ECHA has no data from registration dossiers on the precautionary measures for using this substance. [1]

Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Do not let product enter drains. Bacteriostatic sodium chloride injections should be protected from freezing. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. [2]

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Molecular weight                                  

58.44 g/mol [2]

Bulk density/Specific gravity

Relative density: 2.163 (@20°C) [1]

pH

6.7 to 7.3, its aqueous solution is neutral [2]

Particle size

EC

Melting/Freezing point

801 °C @ 101.325 kPa [1]

Boiling point

Flash point

Flammability

Non flammable (100%) [1]

Vapour density

Vapour pressure

Solubility in water

317 g/L @ 20 °C [1]

Solubility in organic solvents

Solubility in inorganic solvents

Hydrolysis

Ionicity in water

Surface tension

73.03 mN/m @ 14.5 g/L and 23 °C [1]

Dispersion properties

Explosiveness

Other properties

Non oxidising (100%) [1]

Viscosity of saturated aqueous solution = 1.93 mPa-s [2]

Stability and reactivity

Chemical stability

Stable under recommended storage conditions. [2]

Reactivity hazards

It is generally unreactive. Releases gaseous hydrogen chloride if mixed with a concentrated nonvolatile acid such as sulfuric acid. [2]

It is rapidly attacked by bromine trifluoride. [2]

Electrolysis of sodium chloride in presence of nitrogenous compounds to produce chlorine may lead to formation of explosive nitrogen trichloride. [2]

Corrosivity

corrosive to base metals  [2]

Polimerization

Incompatibility with various substances

 Sodium chloride extinguishant should not be used on lithium fires since the reaction releases sodium and results in a more violent fire. [2]

Special remarks on reactivity

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of hydrochloric acid and disodium oxide. [2]

Physical, chemical and biological coefficient

Koc

Kow

pKa

log Kp

Henry-constant

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BEHAVIOUR

Artificial pollution sources

Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation in materials, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and manufacturing of the substance. [1]

General terrestrial fate

General aquatic fate

General atmospheric fate

General persistence and degradability

Abiotic degradation and metabolites

Biodegradation and metabolites

Bioconcentration

Volatilization

Photolysis

Hydrolysis

Soil adsorption and mobility

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS

Measured data

ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

General adverse effects on ecosystem

Acute toxicity (LC50, EC50)

Aquatic systems

LC50: 5840 mg/L (freshwater fish, 4 days) [1]

EC50 / LC50: 1900 mg/L (freshwater invertebrates) [1]

EC50: 2430 mg/L (freshwater algae, 5 days) [1]

EC50: 6870 mg/L (freshwater plants) [1]

Terrestrial systems

EC50 / LC50: 3296 mg/kg soil dw (terrestrial macroorganisms except arthropods) [1]

LD50: 8 900 mg/kgsoil dw (terrestrial arthropods, 24 h) [1]

EC50 / LC50: 500.8 mg/kg soil dw (terrestrial plants) [1]

EC50 / LC50: 3000 mg/kg food (birds) [1]

Chronic toxicity (NOEC, LOEC)

Aquatic systems

EC10 / LC10 or NOEC: 252 mg/L  (freshwater fish, 33 days) [1]

EC10 / LC10 or NOEC: 314 mg/L  (freshwater invertebrates) [1]

EC10 or NOEC: 5000 mg/L (microorganisms) [1]

Terrestrial systems

EC10 / LC10 / NOEC: 3.507 g/kg soil dw (terrestrial macroorganisms except arthropods)

 EC10 / LC10 / NOEC: 243 mg/kg soil dw (terrestrial plants) [1]

HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS and PROTECTION

Routes of human exposures

General population may be exposed to sodium chloride via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing sodium chloride. [2]

Occupational exposure to sodium chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sodium chloride is produced or used. [2]

General effects

Endocrine disruption

Mutagenicity

Carcinogenicity

Reprotoxicity

Teratogenicity

Skin, eye and respiratory irritations

Skin: No adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Skin sensitisation: No adverse effect observed (not sensitising)

Eye: Adverse effect observed (irritating) [1]

Metabolism:

absorption, distribution & excretion

Exposure limits

DNEL:  2 068.62 mg/m³ (workers, inhalation, long term, systemic effects, repeated dose toxicity) [1]

DNEL:  2 068.62 mg/m³ (workers, inhalation, acute/short term, systemic effects, repeated dose toxicity) [1]

DNEL:  295.52 mg/kg bw/day (workers, dermal, long term, systemic effects, repeated dose toxicity) [1]

DNEL:  295.52 mg/kg bw/day (workers, dermal, acute/short term, systemic effects, repeated dose toxicity) [1]

DNEL:  443.28 mg/m³ (general population, inhalation, long term, systemic effects, repeated dose toxicity) [1]

DNEL:  443.28 mg/m³ (general population, inhalation, acute/short term, systemic effects, repeated dose toxicity) [1]

DNEL:  126.65 mg/kg bw/day (general population, dermal, long term, systemic effects, repeated dose toxicity) [1]

DNEL:  126.65 mg/kg bw/day (general population, dermal, acute/short term, systemic effects, repeated dose toxicity) [1]

DNEL:  126.65 mg/kg bw/day (general population, oral, long term, systemic effects, repeated dose toxicity) [1]

DNEL:  126.65 mg/kg bw/day (general population, oral, acute/short term, systemic effects, repeated dose toxicity) [1]

Drinking water MAC

Other information

Animal toxicity data

Acute toxicity (LD50)

LD50 3 980 mg/kg bw (rat, oral) [1]

LD50 4000 mg/kg bw (mouse, oral) [2]

Chronic toxicity (NOEL, LOEL)

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

According to the notifications provided by companies to ECHA in REACH registrations no hazards have been classified.   

Additionally, the classification provided by companies to ECHA in CLP notifications identifies that this substance causes serious eye irritation. [1]

According to CLP notifications:

H319: Causes serious eye irritation.

EINECS regulation

̵listed on EINECS (European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances) List [1]

OSHA regulations etc.

OTHER INFORMATION, SPECIAL REMARKS

Classification and proposed labelling with regard to toxicological data

CREATED, LAST UPDATE

Created

2019. 12. 09

Last update

2019. 12. 09

REFERENCES

[1] ECHA, Sodium chloride, https://echa.europa.eu/hu/brief-profile/-/briefprofile/100.028.726, Accessed 2019. 12. 09

[2] Pubchem, Sodium chloride (Compound), https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-chloride, Accessed 2019. 12. 09